Bonded Block Model undergoing Damage and Bulking during Simulated Relaxation

Continuum numerical modeling is inherently limited when the rock behavior involves mechanisms such as spalling and bulking. The Bonded Block Model (BBM) approach simulates the initiation of cracks that can coalesce and/or propagate leading to extension and shear fracturing, as well as the rock (e.g., intact, jointed, or veined) strength dependency on confinement.

FLAC3D 7 0 Octree Mesh Tutorial

In this example, a pile of earth is modeled overlying undulating ground. This tutorial demonstrates how a FLAC3D model mesh can be easily created using DXF geometries and the ZONE DENSIFY command. How to differentiate parts of the model into separate GROUPs using DXF geometries and the GEOMETRY-SPACE range logic is also demonstrated.

Rockmass Integration

This example describes how to import and use structural data generated by Rockmass Technologies mapping instrumentation.

Neutral mine drainage water-quality impacts from a form taconite mine

Surface waters at the site of a former Minnesota taconite mine were reported to have solute concentrations elevated with respect to water-quality standards.

Numerical modelling and seismicity at the Kiirunavaara Mine

What’s happening at the Kiirunavaara Mine?

Caving in the Fabian Orebody —from Mining Stope to Cave Crater in Malmberget

The Fabian orebody is a non-daylighting iron orebody in the LKAB Malmberget Mine in northern Sweden. During 2010, a prognosis of the cave development in the Fabian area was developed, based on compilation and analysis of all available material. In March 2012, a new cave crater formed on the ground surface above the Fabian orebody, similar to what was predicted. The prognosis is compared with observations of the caving and the differences and implications quantified. A program for continued monitoring of mining-induced deformation in Malmberget is also described and a criterion for allowable mining-induced surface deformations is proposed.